RMAN Backup scripts ( Full, Level 0 and Level 1 Incremental )

Oracle Database, Recovery Manager (RMAN) backups are mainly of two types:

Full Backup and Incremental Backup (Level 0, Level 1).

Level 1 can be Differential or Cumulative.

RMAN Full Backup

A Full Backup copies all blocks of the database datafiles, regardless of whether they changed or not.

Backs up entire database

Includes used + unused blocks

Does not act as a base for incremental backups

Larger backup size

Syntax 

    Backup database; ## FRA Location

    Backup database plus archivelog;

    Backup database format ='/backup/rman/Bak_%d_%T_%U.bkp'

    Backup database format ='/backup/rman/Bak_%d_%T_%U.bkp' plus archivelog format ='/backup/rman/Arch_%d_%T_%U.bkp';

RMAN Incremental Backup

Incremental backups copy only changed blocks since a previous backup.

Two levels of backups

Level 0

Level 1

Level 0 Backup

A Level 0 backup is the base backup for incremental strategy.

Copies all used blocks

Acts as base for Level 1 backups

Similar to full backup but supports incremental chain

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE;

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE format ='/backup/rman/Bak_L0_%d_%T_%U.bkp';

Level 0 = foundation backup

Level 1 Backup

Level 1 backs up only blocks changed since the Level 0 backup or previous Level 1 backup.

Two types exist:

Differential

Cumulative

Level 1 Differential Backup

Backs up blocks changed since the last incremental backup (Level 0 or Level 1).

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE;

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE format ='/backup/rman/Bak_L0_%d_%T_%U.bkp';

Level 0 (Sunday)

     |---- Level 1 Differential (Mon)

     |---- Level 1 Differential (Tue)

     |---- Level 1 Differential (Wed)

     |---- Level 1 Differential (Thu)

     |---- Level 1 Differential (Fri)

     |---- Level 1 Differential (Sat)

Level 1 Cumulative Backup

Backs up all blocks changed since the last Level 0 backup.

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE;

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE  DATABASE format ='/backup/rman/Bak_L0_%d_%T_%U.bkp';

    Level 0 (Sunday)

     |---- Level 1 Cum (Mon -Changes from since Sun)

     |---- Level 1 Cum (Tue -Changes from since Sun)

     |---- Level 1 Cum (Wed -Changes from since Sun)

     |---- Level 1 Cum (Thu -Changes from since Sun)

     |---- Level 1 Cum (Fri -Changes from since Sun)

     |---- Level 1 Cum (Sat -Changes from since Sun)

Backup Archive Log

RMAN> Backup archivelog all;

RMAN> Backup archivelog all format='/backup/rman/Arch_%d_%T_%U.bkp';

Crontab Schedule :

crontab -e

# Sunday Level 0 Backup at 2 AM

0 2 * * 0 /u01/scripts/rman_level0.sh >> /u01/scripts/logs/l0_backup.log 2>&1

# Monday–Saturday Level 1 Cumulative Backup at 2 AM

0 2 * * 1-6 /u01/scripts/rman_level1_cum.sh >> /u01/scripts/logs/l1_cum_backup.log 2>&1

#Sunday – Level 0 Backup Script

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=PROD

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target / <<EOF

RUN {

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;

BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE TAG 'WEEKLY_SUN_L0';

BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

RELEASE CHANNEL c1;

}

EXIT;

EOF

# Weekdays – Level 1 Differential Script

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=PROD

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target / <<EOF

RUN {

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;

BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 DATABASE TAG 'DAILY_L1';

BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

RELEASE CHANNEL c1;

}

EXIT;

EOF

Sunday Level 0 RMAN Script

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=PRODDB

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target / <<EOF

RUN {

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;

BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE

TAG 'WEEKLY_L0'

FORMAT '/backup/rman/L0_%d_%T_%U.bkp';

BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

RELEASE CHANNEL c1;

}

EXIT;

EOF

#Weekdays Level 1 Cumulative Script

# %d = Database, %T = Date Time and %U= 8 number 

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_SID=PROD

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target / <<EOF

RUN {

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;

BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE

TAG 'DAILY_L1_CUM'

FORMAT '/backup/rman/L1C_%d_%T_%U.bkp';

BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT;

RELEASE CHANNEL c1;

}

EXIT;

EOF

### Script 

export ORACLE_SID=PROD

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target / <<EOF

run

{

Allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

allocate channel ch2 device type disk;

crosscheck backup;

delete noprompt expired backup;

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'SYSDATE -7'; 

backup as backupset format='/u01/app/data/PROD/Backup_%T_%d_%U'

plus archivelog format ='/u01/app/data/PROD/Archive_%T_%d_%U';

backup current controlfile format='/u01/app/data/PROD/controlfile_%F';

release channel ch1;

release channel ch2;

}

quit;

EOF